The Big Decision: GKV or Private?
One of the first decisions you’ll face as an international student in Germany is choosing between public (GKV) and private (PKV) health insurance. This choice can affect your finances, healthcare access, and even your visa application.
GKV (Public Health Insurance), The Full Picture
Pros
- Predictable cost: ~€146/month for all students, regardless of health
- Full coverage: legally defined minimum, same at all providers
- No claim rejections: if it’s medically necessary, it’s covered
- Family coverage: spouse and children insured for free
- Universal acceptance: every university, every embassy
Cons
- Age limit: only for students under 30
- Enrollment required: must be in a degree program
- Longer wait times: some specialists have 4–8 week waits
- Limited dental: only basic coverage included
Private Insurance (PKV), The Full Picture
Pros
- No age limit: available at any age
- Lower prices possible: from €39/month for young, healthy students
- Shorter wait times: preferred appointments at many doctors
- Flexible coverage: choose the plan that fits your needs
- Available for language courses: GKV doesn’t cover this
Cons
- Coverage varies: cheap plans may have gaps
- No family coverage: each person needs their own plan
- Harder to switch back: once you choose PKV, returning to GKV is difficult
- Price increases: premiums can rise with age or health changes
Side-by-Side Comparison
| Feature | GKV | Private |
|---|---|---|
| Monthly cost | ~€146 | €39–€120 |
| Age limit | Under 30 | None |
| Coverage | Full (fixed) | Plan-dependent |
| Doctor choice | GKV-contracted | All doctors |
| Wait times | Standard | Often shorter |
| Family | Free | Extra cost |
| Visa | ✅ Always | ✅ If compliant |
Our Recommendation
Choose GKV if: You’re under 30, enrolled in a degree program, and want hassle-free full coverage. It’s the gold standard.
Choose Private if: You’re over 30, in a language course, or need temporary affordable coverage. Just make sure the plan meets visa requirements.
Can You Switch Later?
Switching from GKV to private is easy. Going back from private to GKV is very difficult, nearly impossible in most cases. This is why we generally recommend starting with GKV if you qualify.